However, recent work in our laboratory has shown that under the hypoxic conditions that generally prevail in the vagina, H 2O 2 production by vaginal lactobacilli is undetectable (detection threshold 10 nM). Lactobacilli strains that produce H 2O 2 are now being selected for developing vaginal probiotics. Additionally, H 2O 2-producing lactobacilli were shown to inactivate several species of BV-associated bacteria under aerobic in vitro conditions and in the absence of the anti-oxidants present in physiological fluids. Women with H 2O 2-producing lactobacilli are less likely to have BV than are women without H 2O 2-producing lactobacilli. Since hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) is a broad-spectrum microbicidal disinfectant, the ability of some strains of lactobacilli to produce H 2O 2 suggested that these strains might help prevent BV. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, frequently recurrent condition in which a relatively sparse, lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbial community is replaced by a dense mixture of Gram-variable and Gram-negative bacteria.
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